HUMAN FACTOR I  


˹³ϷһǸ߷塣ԶſʼͱΪ֮š 

͢ͱ֮վİ˹ɽЩɽΪصȻϡںαȽϵ͵ɽϣܾǰҲ˽ֵ·նΪĿ꣬ضΪһͨҪ··Ҫ̺ãʹѩڣҲ϶кܶ˴˺ʡƫ˽ֵǿɾҪˡ

ɶЩѩгƵ 

ڲͣŵѩУ߶ʿ߷߲ƽ˵ΪӵؽİڻŲݸ˵ʿš 

ˣص·ȥ 

ߵ·ǺΣյġ 

̨ıѩŭУʿ侲ָʹ΢ĴҲпܵµ뵽ߵϿ档ʿǳֱʵز 

˻ɧ⣬·͸ߵ·ҲֵܻܵļӡͶɧû֤޹صģҲ޷ˡ 

ԭˣҵһֱڰС·ϣ 

޺޵ضʿ侲ı飬µǱвҵ˰૵ 

ֻ뾲عݺӶѡˡҲ֪ϵĲɣ 

񶨡ҲĹȥ 

ͬ˵Ļһһͬ߰µµĵӣֻ΢ת飬һЩԵ⡣ 

֪㱻ܱ׷ԭ򡣻еΪʲôӣ 

˵Ҿͳ˵ˡ֮ǰ°? 

ν˵ＴʹƺҲ˵ԼľǻеҲ⡣ 

ǰְ鱨ŵľ١ǣû뵽֪СӣǼһһˡ 

ڳӣܻ¸ʵϾһļһ 

̸ľپǰսȭͷʿİϵĻѩȻ൱ᣬǿĶȷʵɢһĸо

һȻлԼȴǶŮ֡˵һע⵽͡ʱͷһҵ飬һֱڡ 

⣬󲹳˵ 

ͻȻġֱǰԳ˲伴ŵı磬ʿתͷдһ̥ѩϢʿ˽زȽͬʱ׷ʵ 

¼ϸҲǴ￪ʼġ 

ǸŮ˳ؽˡ 

µεתߣʿһֱӵĿ£·ΧѹѹŰ㡣Ըؼشš 

˵ǸɶļһﱻǿϮˡҪĹİȥ߹ǱˣһֱסԺС˵ú 

϶ȷʵǷʱȽϸߵ״ܹܱҪ׷ԭˡԺ׷Ҳֹͣġ 

ҲǲֹͣģѾ޷ӻȥˡҲᵣ飬ˡḻսʿҪ׼úӦж 

̸˵㣬µװŵգգ۾ǿзش򿪵ͼչڽͬʱЦű֤ 

ɣǸɽǽ͢ˡҲ˵ҽʣɵġôһļƻɣ 

϶ȻȷģƽµطɽĻ 

ʿûи仯ģƽشֻʱΪʲôܿȻӰ 

ȼϼľԼȹҲۣĻܣΪͽǰǷǳѵġ 

Ͳ𣿣 

ȼָ֭벻»ʱµµıÿ־Ĳ˰㣬е˵

ιˣ㲻Ǵ㶪һ˾߰ɣô˵һֱǺѣˣҲ̲סеһЩɣ 

 

ʿ˵İûκηӦΪæúӾѩ̽Χʻеɽ·ҪµϪȣֲűΧҪߵԴڰͷѩӾΧл߸ӦȵĻ棬Դɨ衪ûöãʿͷڹȵ״жʮֲڵľݡ 

Ǹﲹȼϰɡ 

ȻªĴŹصе֣ǲôҪıѩмʻкܴյġ޷õȼҲҪתһʿжϺ󣬽ǰһ䣬С³壬ȻڴһұȽϴķǰͣҪȡǣʧĻ컹Ҫ죬ڿŵĳǱֵ߳һ˴³ǹڡ 

ôڰҹǴʲô 

þʽǹָʿǣӵˡߴɭµĿⶢҹķÿ͡ 

Ҫ񸸣Ҫƺ 

ߣûȼˡ 

ץſظˣʿֱ˵ 

һḶʮָ߰ļ۸ʮ͡ 

ͣûֶ 

ʮСĵضڱѩҹֵĹ飬Ǿ뿪Ӳػش 

ҼûͣҲûг֮Ķȥطҿɡ 

ôѩͣǰǷޣ 

Ϊ˵ĻشԤе飬ʿûʧķѩƶʹǻеҲʮΣյġ 

Ҫṩͺʹֻ̣תǰʹǼûõķݾͿԡ 

ȻҲ˵ʲôСĻ 

ڶԻвڱ߶ڼӵİµ¡ǰǸ˹³˿ʼһֱŵĹİ 

ǿǺòİ˵ 

 

͵͵ŹİŴͣ򦻵Ƶ޷ȥİŵĻƽĹճ˽ɫ 

ʮʱԼһǧɶµؽһõǰ˵ 

һƽ𡭡Ϊ̫ڿˣ͸ˡΪסƵýҲ㹻˰ɣ 

Ҳ̫ 

ŸղŴӣżһƵƵͷڴʱµþСг顣۹⿴ͬеİµ·żӲĻƽʿʧǰʡ 

ôҪ޲źãΪҪůԵĻҪһ䴵ѩķӡ 

ĻСֿǱߺˡ 

ڽɢĹâУе˵°ָͣŶľͷСݡ 

ǱߵСǷѩȥġ 

֪ˣʮָлİʿˡ㸶ǮԺ͸Ź 

ͬеİµ˵꣬ʿûشű߶Ժȥ 





ʹûůůСҲʮů͡ǽΧĸɲݾͷ·ȻЧȲϡ 

 

ֲڵľŹҲһ˳ȥµ´ӾôȡһϸСĽõݸһѪĶ棬ʳеõӪ͡ 

ʱ㹻ˡ͸ˣҲڰɣ 

Ҫ 

ʿһ߶һ߻ؾͬ߰µµĺ⡣ֻдԺСԵһʹٵ˵ҪӪһ棬񸸲ķӦһҲûܵӰİµ½һݵͷڵϡ 

˳ˡǻ˵ʵҷǳԾءȻûҪֻӭǵĵڵǹָǾ͡ 

Ǳ˾Ȼġ 

ʿȷʵ߶ĳûκ쳣󣬽ݸϡ 

ϳȷǷ쳣µ˼شͬ߰µ⡣ 

ʹڴ죬ҲӦú˻ôƫƧĵطοҪôӵµӦʶ 

ˡ 

µһߴװƽĹİһ߲ȤҡͷôŶ񶾵Ŀǵ˵ 

˴壬סôƫƧϡ 

˴壿 

һעϳóı棬ʿǰûĵʻӦ 

ν˴ô£ 

ʮǰˡһһ˹˵Сͳιǰ˹˹һѾնˣҲϲ 

һ湫İڵĽϻеһƽĿǻشʿ⡣ҲҲμӹǳսֲֻᣬֻǵسŹʷ 

Ǹʱһʿɽ˵ʿһֱնսڡҲǾǸʱСǰɡ 

϶ָǵǹάҲG93ǰ˾ʹõʽǹĿҲȷʵάҲɵĹ͢ԡָʺܸߣƲȷ 

ʲôأµڵ²ŪŽ顣ޱؿͷʿеԵʡ 

ʿ֪ͨնȻвдİ˹ʿӦûǵͨĶӵڵظֵ֪Ļ㷵صҲпܵġ 

ιιڻһܵʿأûҪ֪ͨӰɡ 
  
񸸵׷ʣµ˳ϵ԰˵˳ǰҰսذӡ 

ңʮﾭһٰʮսҾƽˣԲôԺȷ۸СûʲôȤǵģû˵۹⡣ 

ǻе 

ѩȻ񱩵Űʿһ׽һƽش 

Ҳĸ顣 

еǻе 

µӲطţһ΢Ĺ⡪ߣ˵һȻǵҲܿʧˣָһı顣 

òŵİµϸֳһ˿Цݡ۾żΪ治ƭĸ顣 

˵ղţʹûֻͣһ˵ĻӦÿԺܿ뿪ȴߡǻеĻͬ𣿡 

˹³֮԰㣬ΪνҲͬġ 

شûκεͣٻǳɡ 

ʹ֮ͬеԭΪжϣԽɽΣյġˣƲⲢȷҺ塣 

ǰǿˡǾˡ 

ãȻ֪롪жḻرֳµ¼촽ֱŤƵת۾ 

˵Щˣиһ¡ 

ţϱӿڴóһССĽƬͷݵʿǰ 

ţ֪ʲôҵõŽƬĶ𣿡 

˵꣬ʿŸղһֱŪĽ飬ͺɵطֳ顣Ķ쳣⻬ɵ˾ȸ˵ġ 

ǸװðɣֵطΪһ൱мֵĶѵ𣿡 

ʿûлش˵⣬ѸٵؽǰĽֵסߣͻȻϨˡֲָĺڰУʿM13ǹװСͶתģʽͶŷĺ⡪ںڰط׼õĺҫ£Ƭ濪ʼֳɫ 

ʲôͼĶ 

ⲻͼ֡ 

ʿ۲ĻܿĸӦȵʱͬʱƬϵɫͼҲһŴˣȻЩɫ΢һЩС֣ȴһļšһӴ밵š 

ǷǳӵİšרҵĶȡĽҲǺǿġ

ĿܽЩннʿѽİ˳ 

ǣܽķΧƲ⣬ռ˵һȵˡǡն·άϣ 

ʲô 

񸸺ٴŵˣԽ񸸵ļӽƬİµ¡ 

ȵĻǲϸ¸ո۵鱨ιˣȷ𣿡 

϶ġĵƲ⣬ΪĳҪЩʲô¡ЩΪ˶İɡǸص֡ 

һ£鷳鷳ˣ 

µºûע⵽ԱߵƵģɫһ䣬૵߶ 

ôܵ鱻͵ˡܱЩһ϶˵صҲ׷Ҳŵģ 

϶Ԥõĸʺܸߡ 

Уұ侲һ£ 

Ƿǳϲʿ򶨵̸ֹ˶Žŭ 

սΣˣˣȴʲôҲûһ 

϶ǻеࡣ 

ڲ˵ʱ򣡡 

Ļش𣬰µ¸еʮֵķŭ·жϰ㣬ܾ 

ʿĬؿ˿ͻȻһԵͬߡ 

ôˣ 

 

ָڴߣµýǿС˵

ˡҲֻһˣ 

ʲô 

˳˵Ļʿȴûзκ״Ȼڱѩԭ򣬵ʿʹͰµµľʽͬܲԼҲܻ 

дɣʿҵĴʲôҲûв 

ɵϣû⣡ȣıѩ£ĶŻðɣ 

ϵؽٵϸߣµ˿ŵֵ֡СָΧ˿˿һʧ⡣ 

ý˿߰ΧҸղŽ˿ȷʵһ¡ɶЩܱѾ׷ˣ 

 

µµĻ֮ǰʿѾM13˳ѸٵǱſڣ򿪺ߴڷѩԴ 

൱սСݰΧ 

ʿص˱߶ԡȻȼϼָѾ͵㣬ֻʻĻӦûġ 

ҪͻƵ˵λáԷӦû֪ѾǵͼҪΧĻֻˡ 

ţͻǾôɣҴֆ 

ɨƵĽʽԶǹϵľǹװγµĿ˵Цš 

Ұµ?ʮһٰʮ峡սδʧܹˣһûᡣʶһսʿս 

İپʮǰǵ˵ĳһٰʮҡ 

ˣɣ 

ٵϱ߶ϻеóٰĿ񸸵

ԸЩһŴȥѡ 

ԣԸһˣЩһȫǶԸеսûеרɱеģôҲ 

û⡣ 

жϵѾʮֻҺڻͣȻѩʮҵˡŴװ׺װ׵ʿֳͻǹӣʿ䵭ҡͷ 

̶ֻȵвһ˾Ӧֻᰭְš 

ģҪԵĵ˲ô򵥾ͿԽģŲ˷ 

񶨡Ӧ˵Ҳࡣ 

񸸵˲ɵ뵽Ľ˵ʱĮɨˣ䵭ʹ޷ӽ˵ 

սĻеڿʼ֤ǻе 




λõķֶӳȷڱѩͳһ߶ڱ߶ѩУŶԷʱͻϮ 

ͨԤõսϵͳֶӳȫλ̬ϵͳԳƵնӹѧľӳԽֶȫΪһֽвٿء 

ʼ 

ڼ̵£ڵϵ 

ǹӵѩתۼͻɵķı߶ڿзţѩתŵı߶ʹ˻ҲûзըžΪȼѾù˰ɡ 

ȫǰ 

ȷϱѩĶûκƶŵӰ󣬷ֶӳֶӼǰȵɢȥ˱߶Χ

ȷϱ߶ûмʻԱʬ󣬷ֶӳĴŲ׽ģһ 

׽зЧ̷Χڡսʼ 

ͬʱŻ屻ӵزȻ 

ел 

ȷֶӳʶȦ׵ʱ򣬲ϷӵϮֶӡӻѩվСӰزٿսǹרŶԸеӵսûеĻᶼûС 

ȫɢ 

ʹ£ֶӳҲֶӸɢͬʱֶӳȻûǹС񸸣ǡ 

0.37롣 

ָҪ°ķֶӳ壬ؿһɫĻ㡣һӣ类쳹ѩյǹ㣬Ź?װӴ 

սȷפս˼ɼսģʽдΪģʽ 

յĵлĵеʱʿصսϡ 

ʧҲֻΪնı߶ѡϾնĻеҲ޷HCϵеսᲢۡ޷ȵԵɱ¾ΪĿġȫɱ˱ġΪؿе˱ˡ˵ıǩϵеĿƻűֹġ 

ð̵սǹװǹףʿ߽ڵϵĻеԽɽҪЩʱ䣬Ϊ˾бҪȷֶǷ׷վںǷֶӳĻԱߣʿýż⽫к峯Ϸ˹һ˲䡪 

зڡЧΧڡ䣡 

һҲķֶӳֱͻȻϵС񸸵ؿڡ 

һ룬΢СĦͬʱʿĿڴһ֧ƴָ塣 

ֻ֧ͨͬǣļпյģڲдĵء

ȷϡʼŵ磡 

 

Ӧ𻵵ķֶӳ巢ָ˲䣬ʮصľ޴ѹϮʿС񸸵巢̶ѩϡ 

ȷϵзĬ 

˱ĻеʿȫȴáĿڴļطŵ磬谭ƽ޸żһµͼM13ȴֻѩϱȻš 

񸸵ߣȫû˵ķֶӳվվĲһںصĿ׷ʱʿҲ׷վװױ淢ģǵѩϣػٻM13һӵ 

ѩԭϵĻǹֶӳǹָ˵ڵϵ񸸡ִָҪԥҪ°ʱ 

ȫǵսƻ޴ļһ 

ֹҪ°ķֶӳģǲ֪ӺδХӵ 

ھ벻һ׵ĵطѩϻϣŻð̵ľʽԶǹģһλʿ 

Ȼ鰡ǸնǾ͹ԹԵرȥ˰ 

ʿµЦţתۼ佫Ź?װȻŪţڵϵʿƤؾ˸˵ 

˼ˡҾˡܽļ̻ҵһͿ԰ˡΪƽֵضȹ͸߹һ°ɣ 

Цŵ˽һתʱĿɿڴķֶӳŻع 

ȫ壬ʼ׷ 

ֶӳûǹָѩػߵѩпµӱĲӰȫӷʩ 

⿪ǹϸӵװѵӱˣ 

ѹͬʱ˷ֶӳ⣬ʿǶȻŹ?װ׵ļСºصĿףжѸٵĻеǿʼ׷ǰӱΪǵٶȺܿ죬ߵľҲѸٵ

һ棬ֶӳֳͻǹڻشԭλβȥ 

פս˼дΪѻģʽ 

ۿŽԶȥĵӰʿŬûǹĿƻûлָΪؿܵķŵ繥켡ؾšȥĻҪ˵սˣάҲԼֻǳ⡣£пܶΪĴϢ 

? 

ķǳʱڣʿͻȻ˷ȵĵͲ˼Լǻеࡣʹᡰٻȴ֮ᷢ顣ԼЩʲôء 

ڴʱ׽һѹúܵ͵ 

ûû°ɣ񸸣 

ĵԱߵǰʿɱô峤 

ڣҪεϵļ벻Ҫƶ塣 

⣬Σաתȫ 

ڵŵԵʣʿ޷˳˵ʹ״£ʿǷؾ 

ĻѾЩǱȥˡҪ㡣 

һ߷ɿص˵ţ峤һַ߽ڻеŵļ档ͷɫĵ𻨣ڰγͬʱ˲֪ʲôճҺ˿ߡѩϵճҺųζ̣ǿһʣӦú׵ش͸ԵϵƤ 

֧߰˳ȥ峤վʿǰóһŽƬ 

УĶעʱ򣬽Ҵߡ 

ǡ 

峤óĽƬǷݻļô˵ղϵƷԼ˵ע⣬Ϊ׷ߵĿʿתƳȥ 

ʿ 

һʱʿæķ򿴹ȥӾ˲Ͳ׽˱ѩзѩڿٵؼʻѩϻİµµ󣬴Ӻ׷ĳԻеսûеֱۡ˲䣬зɳļ˰µµı 

ŵγɵɫ𻨽ߵʱ򣬴浹µİµµӳϵ 

˽Ӳѩѿعšתš޷ƶİµ¹±ϣʿŴ͡ 

ʿ 

һ룬ϻеڶʧˡ˵Ҳһסĸ߶£ȥľʽ岻ƽ¡ 

һߣɱ˵սûеʼֳڷѩϻԱһİǰµ´ӳϵʱġ 

еһսûеѩϵĹİԶһ㣬ֶӳȻֳͻǹؿһۺվʿԼ־˵Ĵǡ 

뵽Ŵʿͷ棬ð㰼ȥ¶аЦ⡣Ȼʿע⵽һ㣬ȴʲôҲˡM13ѩϣԼȥ񣬿϶˲ھ͵ñһŵ̶̫ˣľ¸Ϊ 

ߵһֱվȴʲô˵ʿǰֶӳǹҪƵĽָڰϣذȥ 

ȥɡ 

ɲǼ䣬žϯǷ·̫ڵϵıը档 

ڷֶӳըͬʱŹ?װױǱը÷ȷ˵̨Źİսûе 

ȩĻ桪ܽըĻѸɵ˻еǡ 

ʲô 

ıж˺źŵӣֶӳ巴Եתͷȥһ˲䣬ѩϱڳһĴӣһۻ˵Ľ塣

ܣҵķֶӡ 

ֶӳȻţȻʱ䲻һɣʿ˵һȡʤˡ 

ϵѩͬʱֱǰ˹ȥѩͣµʱM13Ѿȵ 

Ŀȷϡ׼ɡ 

ǹȫصһǹѩԭϵ˲䣬ֶӳͻǹڿɢšͬʱֶӳҲ浹ʱƺҲš 

ͷķ϶˫ۣӴȫֹͣ 

һߣʿߵ±ϣŽºڰĿռ䡣ʹHCϵеĴҲûа취̽ڰӦеż 

ιæðɣ 

ʱ˵ŭŵķѩУһǴ±ߴġ 

ȥɣӸղſʼҾͶͣҪҶˡ 

ʿ 

Žŵ棬ʿĲ۾һȵĹ⡣ڽµ±ϣʲôڻšʸ±ϵָʱʿץס˲һ 

Ҳ̫ˣˡһĻҾҪȥˡ 

ôţʿ 

𱸶ԷƽµĿ⣬ʿɨһۡڵ˲ץסµıԵϵɧ֮ͣǰһֱطɡҲǸİҲǹġҲãǣıȷһ֧״̬£Ϊʲôɵƶ壿 

˲ûشʿ⡣µϵѩжӾڵϲص  


ɣѹƷЯȻȷġһء 

ǡ 

ͷЦЦİµСļĶʿ΢һüеһĴָ壬滹һѿѺۣʹˣĲùâȴһҲûˡԭеϷŵĽ顣ڵ֧Ѿữĵ˵ȶʡ԰µܵ󻹿ɵػ塣 

˵ˡսʿ׼ӦжˡʮֽĻҲͲʮһپʮ˴εսˡ 

ʮǰһٰʮΡҹڽ飬ֻǲſɡεֻżȻĶѡ 

̫ˣ˾Ȼ˵ôʧĻ 

ڳ̾Ϣҡҡͷ˲ؾ˵ĵؿߵĴ˸߲ҵػ֣ͬʱԿ顣 

ɱ˾Ȼûᵽ˵ֶ 

϶İ֮ǰѾ˵ˡHC-Xңҡ 

ץסеͷε˵֣ʿ䵭ҡҡͷ˵ļ򣬱߱ǣǿطЦ֮ԵͳΪѩڶɡΪ 

ࡪǻе 

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